Each time you make a sale, the merchant's disposition Merchants carrying this much money can be found all around the Market District of the Imperial City. The only problem is that there aren't any secret shopkeepers in the game like there were in Morrowind.
Selling goods is the primary way to make money in Oblivion. We wish we could tell you where to look for these items, but we can't. Outside of quest rewards, shop inventories, dungeon loot, and items found on NPCs are all random and change according to your level. Finding weapons, armor, and other items is a random occurence in Oblivion.